US Federal Income Tax Calculator (2025)

Estimate your 2025 federal income tax and take-home pay using the standard deduction and the 2025 tax brackets. Federal income tax only — excludes FICA, state tax, and credits.

This calculator suits anyone who wants a clear, jargon-free estimate of their 2025 federal income tax before payroll math or filing software muddies the picture. It is handy when you are weighing a job offer, deciding how much to put into a pre-tax retirement account, checking whether your withholding looks roughly right, or simply trying to understand how the bracket system actually treats your income. Because it uses the standard deduction, it is most accurate for the large majority of filers who do not itemize. It is not built for complex returns with significant capital gains, business income, or itemized deductions, but it gives a solid baseline that those situations adjust from.

Federal income tax is progressive, which means different slices of your income are taxed at different rates rather than your whole income at one rate. The calculator starts from your gross income, subtracts the 2025 standard deduction — $15,750 for single filers and $31,500 for married filing jointly after the 2025 law raised them — to get taxable income. It then walks that taxable income through the seven brackets (10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%), taxing each band only at its own rate. Adding the slices together gives your tax. Your effective rate, also shown, is that total divided by gross income, and it is always lower than the top bracket your income reaches because only the last slice is taxed at the highest rate.

Consider a single filer earning $60,000. Subtracting the $15,750 standard deduction leaves $44,250 of taxable income. The first $11,925 is taxed at 10% ($1,192.50). The remaining $32,325 falls in the 12% bracket ($3,879). There is nothing in the higher brackets, so total federal income tax is about $5,071.50 — an effective rate of roughly 8.5% on the $60,000, far below the 12% top bracket the income touches. This is why people who say they are 'in the 22% bracket' usually pay an effective rate well under that.

This is federal tax only. Most states add their own income tax, which can be a flat rate or its own set of brackets, and a few — Florida, Texas, Washington, Nevada, South Dakota, Wyoming, Alaska, Tennessee, and New Hampshire on wages — levy no broad personal income tax at all. Some cities add a local income tax on top. To see your true tax burden, add your state (and any local) tax to the federal figure here; our salary-after-tax calculator brings federal tax and payroll taxes together, and state layers are on the roadmap.

• Thinking your whole income is taxed at your top bracket. Only the income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate.
• Mixing up marginal and effective rates. Your marginal rate is on your next dollar; your effective rate is your average across all income.
• Forgetting that the standard deduction was raised for 2025, which lowers taxable income compared with earlier years.
• Adding FICA (Social Security and Medicare) to income tax. Those are separate payroll taxes, not part of this calculation.
• Assuming a refund means you 'won.' A large refund usually means you over-withheld and lent the government money interest-free all year.

Federal income tax for 2025 is generally due by mid-April 2026. You can request an extension to file until October 2026, but any tax owed is still due in April to avoid interest and penalties. If you are self-employed or have significant untaxed income, you may also owe quarterly estimated payments throughout the year.

• Federal income tax rates and brackets - Internal Revenue Service (retrieved 2026-06-09)